Overall Uptake and Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices Among Insulin-Treated Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
CGM initiation has increased over time but remains <10% among insulin-treated older adults with T2D. Substantial racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities were observed.
Study context
- Population
- Patients aged ≥65 years with T2D receiving insulin therapy, Medicare Fee-for-Service (2013–2020) and Clinformatics (2013–2022)
- Exposure
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) initiation by race/ethnicity and other characteristics
- Outcome
- CGM initiation (time trends and associated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics)
Methodological detailsmatched (1:4, risk set sampling), claims databases: Medicare Fee-for-Service and Optum Clinformatics
- Matched (1:4, risk set sampling)
- Claims databases: Medicare Fee-for-Service and Optum Clinformatics
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Annual CGM initiation rate
Medicare (2013-2020), per 100,000
107 to 5,249
Clinformatics (2013-2022), per 100,000
796 to 9,195
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (96% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CGM initiation by race/ethnicity, MedicareHispanicvs White | 0.44 (0.42–0.48) | |
| CGM initiation by race/ethnicity, MedicareBlackvs White | 0.71 (0.69–0.73) | |
| CGM initiation by race/ethnicity, ClinformaticsHispanicvs White | 0.81 (0.78–0.85) | |
| CGM initiation by race/ethnicity, ClinformaticsBlackvs White | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Other characteristics associated with CGM initiation
- Older age and residing in low socioeconomic status areas associated with lower CGM uptake
- History of hypoglycemia and lower frailty scores increased CGM initiation likelihood
Original publication
Overall Uptake and Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices Among Insulin-Treated Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Published 30 May 2025. doi:10.
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