Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Kidney Stones: Evidence from 487 860 UK Biobank Participants
Authors' conclusion
Metabolic syndrome is a significant and independent risk factor for the development of kidney stones. This association suggests that kidney stones may represent a systemic disorder influenced by the interplay of various metabolic risk factors.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants free from kidney stones at baseline; metabolic syndrome based on 5 criteria: abdominal obesity, high TG, low HDL-C, high blood pressure (HBP) and T2D
- Participants
- 487,860 participants
- Exposure
- Metabolic syndrome traits vs absence
- Outcome
- Incident kidney stones
- Follow-up
- Average 12.6 years
Methodological detailsUK Biobank, Cox proportional hazards regression
- UK Biobank
- Cox proportional hazards regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Kidney stones by metabolic syndrome trait
- Developed kidney stones
- 5213 of 487 860
- Waist circumference, HR
- 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10-1.20)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HR
- 0.66 (95% CI, 0.55-0.79)
- HBP, HR
- 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03-1.19)
- T2D, HR
- 1.14 (95% CI, 1.04-1.21)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Clustering of metabolic syndrome significantly associated with kidney stone formation; risk gradually increases as the number of traits increases
Original publication
Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Kidney Stones: Evidence from 487 860 UK Biobank Participants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 3 May 2024. doi:10.
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