Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Reduces Postmeal Glucose Excursion in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
In children with type 1 diabetes, the postmeal glucose excursion following a TI bolus was similar to the postmeal glucose excursion that occurs with TI in adults and significantly lower than the excursion that has been observed with RAA in adults. These findings are consistent with the known pharmacokinetic profile of TI.
Study context
- Population
- Youth 4–17 years old with T1D using multiple daily injections (MDI)pediatric + 2 adult cohorts
- Participants
- 217 / 51 / 25
- Comparison
- Pediatric technosphere insulin (TI) cohort vs adult TI and adult rapid-acting analogue (RAA) cohorts
- Pediatric TIn = 217
- Adult TIn = 51reference
- Adult RAAn = 25reference
- Primary endpoint
- Postprandial glucose excursion after meal bolus of TI
- Follow-up
- 2 h
Methodological detailsmulticenter, in-clinic standardized meal challenge, external adult comparison cohorts
- Multicenter
- In-clinic standardized meal challenge
- External adult comparison cohorts
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
- Glucose excursion and glycemic metrics similar in pediatric TI vs adult TI cohort
- Pediatric TI vs Adult RAA: P < 0.001
- Pediatric TI vs Adult RAA: P < 0.001
- Pediatric TI vs Adult RAA: P < 0.001
- Pediatric TI vs Adult RAA: P = 0.002
Further findings
| Outcome | Pediatric TI | Adult TI |
|---|---|---|
| Ratio of TI inhaled units to calculated RAA bolus | mean 1.9 ± 0.6 | mean 1.9 ± 0.2 |
- Peak glucose and excursion by age (4-12 vs 13-17 years) · higher peak glucose and excursion in 4-12 years
- P < 0.001
Meal challenge response by baseline HbA1c (<8.5% vs ≥8.5%)
- No significant difference between HbA1c < 8.5% and HbA1c ≥ 8.5%
Safety
| Outcome | Pediatric TI | Adult TI |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose value < 70 mg/dL | 6% | 2% |
Original publication
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Reduces Postmeal Glucose Excursion in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 14 March 2026. doi:10.
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