Identification of Peripheral Blood Endotypes Associated With Age in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Younger patients face greater immune dysregulation and β-cell loss, while older patients show better immune maturity and metabolic outcomes.
Study context
- Population
- Pediatric patients with T1D at disease onset, followed for 1 year
- Exposure
- Age groups <7, 7-12 and >12 years in pediatric T1D, vs matched controls
- Outcome
- Age-related peripheral immune endotypes (T and B lymphocytes, myeloid cells, NK cells by multicolor flow cytometry) at onset
- Follow-up
- Disease onset
Methodological detailsage- and sex-matched controls, 1-year follow-up
- Age- and sex-matched controls
- 1-year follow-up
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Peripheral immune endotypes by age
- <7 years: reduced regulatory immune cells (memory/activated Tregs, regulatory B cells, Th17)
- 7-12 years: increased memory B cells, particularly unswitched
- Myeloid cells showed no significant variation in T1D, despite age trends in controls
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Disease onset severity
- <7 years: more severe onset (shorter symptoms, greater acidosis, lower C-peptide)
Autoantibodies · disease onset
- Anti-IA2 titers lower in >12 years; anti-GAD65 positivity constant
Partial remission and glycemic control · 1 year
- Younger patients had lower partial remission (PR) rates and poorer glycemic control
Original publication
Identification of Peripheral Blood Endotypes Associated With Age in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. Published 27 September 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →