Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
HHS presents with similar biochemistry globally, but outcomes vary significantly.
Study context
- Population
- Reported hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) cases, database inception to February 2025
- Participants
- 63,935 cases27 studies
- Outcome
- Precipitants and outcomes of HHS
Methodological detailsPRISMA guidelines
- PRISMA guidelines
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Precipitant: non-infective illness
- 49.5%
- Precipitant: infection
- 44.0%
- Precipitant: new diabetes diagnosis
- 31.7%
- ICU admission
- 40.8%
- Median hospital stay
- 7.5 days
- Overall mortality
- 21.1%
Further pooled results
Median age
- Median age (IQR 56.1-72.0)
- 63.8 years
Regional variation
- ICU admission, North America (highest)
- 70.0%
- Hospital stay, Asia (longest)
- 17.5 days
- Hospital stay, North and South America (shortest)
- 4.0 days
- Mortality, Africa (highest)
- 40.0%
- Mortality, Asia
- 18.2%
- Mortality, North America (lowest)
- 4.8%
Safety
Complications
- Acute kidney injury
- 7.6%
- Pulmonary oedema
- 4.8%
- Acute coronary syndrome
- 3.9%
Original publication
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 29 June 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →