How effective are cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and CBT ‐based interventions in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes? An umbrella review
Authors' conclusion
CBT and CBT-based interventions were similarly effective for depressive symptoms and HbA1c levels. Anxiety symptoms only improved following CBT delivered by CBT therapists, while diabetes-related distress reduced more than for CBT-based interventions. Significant heterogeneity and variation in quality in reviews mean that further research is required.
Study context
- Population
- People with T1D and T2D; systematic reviews and meta-analyses 2014–2023systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- Participants
- 11 people
- Comparison
- CBT delivered by CBT therapists vs CBT-based interventions delivered by multidisciplinary staff
- Outcome
- Diabetes-related distress, comorbid depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and HbA1c
Methodological detailsreview quality assessed with SIGN checklist
- Review quality assessed with SIGN checklist
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Diabetes-related distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, HbA1c
- CBT-based interventions by multidisciplinary staff significantly reduced depressive symptoms, diabetes-related distress and HbA1c
- CBT by CBT therapists associated with significant reductions in diabetes-related distress, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and HbA1c
Further pooled results
Review quality
- High quality
- 4
- Acceptable
- 5
- Low quality
- 2
Original publication
How effective are CBT and CBT ‐based interventions in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes? An umbrella review. Diabet Med. Published 20 February 2026. doi:10.
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