Higher fibre and lower carbohydrate intake are associated with favourable continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics in a cross-sectional cohort of 470 individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
A higher fibre intake is independently associated with a higher TIR. A higher carbohydrate intake is associated with less time spent in hypoglycaemia, a lower TIR and a higher time above range. These findings warrant confirmatory (interventional) investigations and may impact current nutritional guidelines for type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D of the GUTDM1 cohort; 65% female, median age 40 (IQR 28–53) years, median diabetes duration 15 (IQR 6–29) years
- Participants
- 470 individuals
- Exposure
- Macronutrient intakes and CGM metrics
- Outcome
- TIR ≥70% (3.9-10.0 mmol/l) and TBR <4% (<3.9 mmol/l)
Methodological detailscohort (GUTDM1), logistic regression, adjusted for other macronutrient intakes, age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, T1D duration, pump use, insulin dose and alcohol intake
- Cohort (GUTDM1)
- Logistic regression
- Adjusted for other macronutrient intakes, age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, T1D duration, pump use, insulin dose and alcohol intake
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Higher fibre intake, odds of time in range (TIR)≥70%: OR
1.64
95% CI 1.22, 2.24
Carbohydrate intake, odds of TIR≥70% (lower intake associated with higher odds): OR
0.67
95% CI 0.51, 0.87
Higher carbohydrate intake, time below range (TBR)<4%: OR
1.34
95% CI 1.02, 1.78
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
CGM metrics and intakes
- TIR, median (IQR 51-80)
- 67%
- TBR, median (IQR 1-4)
- 2%
- Energy intake, mean ± SD 2001
- 6879 kJ
- Fat intake, mean ± SD 31
- 75 g
- Carbohydrate intake, mean ± SD 63
- 162 g
- Fibre intake, mean ± SD 9
- 20 g
- Protein intake, mean ± SD 24
- 70 g
Original publication
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