Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort
Authors' conclusion
This contemporary cohort demonstrates that women with T2DM continue to have a greater burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors than men, particularly younger women. Attention to these persisting disparities is needed to reduce the burden of CVD in women.
Study context
- Population
- Participants with T2D on metformin monotherapy at baseline enrolled in GRADE; baseline data July 2013 to August 2017
- Participants
- 5,047 participants
- Exposure
- Women vs men
- Womenn = 1,837
- Menn = 3,210reference
- Outcome
- Sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and management
- Follow-up
- Baseline
Methodological detailsanalysis of baseline data of the GRADE trial cohort
- Analysis of baseline data of the GRADE trial cohort
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Women had higher mean body mass index (BMI), greater prevalence of severe obesity (BMI≥40 kg/m²), higher mean LDL cholesterol and greater prevalence of low HDL cholesterol than men
- Women were less likely to receive statin treatment and achieve target LDL
- Generally greater prevalence of these risk factors in younger women
- Women with hypertension were equally likely to achieve blood pressure targets as men, but less likely to receive ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Socioeconomic factors · baseline
- Women were more likely to be divorced, separated or widowed, and had fewer years of education and lower incomes
Original publication
Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 24 April 2023. doi:10.
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