Global guideline recommended target achievements in glycaemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of 1,618,972 participants
Authors' conclusion
Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, the achievement of targets for risk factor control in type 2 diabetes remains alarmingly low, with little progress over time. This review highlights the urgent need to address barriers in achieving guideline targets.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T2D; observational studies of HbA1c, blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target achievement, 2006 to 2025
- Participants
- 1,618,972 individuals63 studies
- Outcome
- Proportion achieving guideline HbA1c, BP and LDL-C targets and combined target attainment
Methodological detailsrandom-effects meta-analysis, meta-regression, update of prior meta-analysis (2006-2017)
- Random-effects meta-analysis
- Meta-regression
- Update of prior meta-analysis (2006-2017)
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Guideline target achievement (pooled proportions)
Achieved HbA1c targets
44%
95% CI 41–48%
Achieved BP targets
41%
95% CI 34–47%
Achieved LDL-C targets
47%
95% CI 42–51%
Met all three targets simultaneously
12%
95% CI 7–16%
Further pooled results
Trend in HbA1c target attainment, Europe and North America (meta-regression) · 1997 to 2023
- No significant improvement in HbA1c target attainment from 1997 to 2023 in Europe and North America
Original publication
Global guideline recommended target achievements in glycaemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of 1,618,972 participants. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 15 November 2025. doi:10.
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