Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes and Postpartum Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Disorders
Authors' conclusion
In this cohort study, gestational diabetes was associated with increased postpartum risk across multiple metabolic disorders.
Study context
- Population
- Commercially insured females aged 12 to 55 years with a single delivery and no preexisting cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) disorders before delivery; mean (SD) age 28.0 (5.8) years8.2% with GDM
- Participants
- 1,153,998 participants
- Exposure
- GDM vs no GDM
- GDMn = 95,103
- Outcome
- Incident postpartum obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, prediabetes, T2D, metabolic syndrome, CKD and CVD
- Follow-up
- Median 2.4 years (IQR, 1.6-3.8 years)
Methodological detailsMerative MarketScan commercial database, Data from April 1, 2007, to October 12, 2023; analyzed August 2025 to March 2026
- Merative MarketScan commercial database
- Data from April 1, 2007, to October 12, 2023; analyzed August 2025 to March 2026
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident postpartum CKM disorders
Each group vs no GDMEstimate (95% CI)
GDM
time-averaged aHR (type 2 diabetes) 10.02(9.53–10.52)
GDM
aHR (prediabetes) 5.32(5.12–5.53)
GDM
aHR (metabolic syndrome) 2.72(2.49–2.98)
GDM
aHR (hyperlipidemia) 2.00(1.95–2.06)
GDM
aHR (hypertension) 1.76(1.70–1.82)
GDM
aHR (obesity) 1.75(1.71–1.79)
- Composite CVD risk was elevated
- aHR 1.28 (1.18-1.40) (95% CI)
- CKD risk was not elevated
- aHR 0.96 (0.76-1.22) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years: T2D
Crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years: prediabetes
Crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years: hyperlipidemia
Crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years: hypertension
Crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years: obesity
Original publication
Gestational Diabetes and Postpartum Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Disorders. JAMA Netw Open. Published 3 August 2026. doi:10.
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