Genetic association stratified by HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 status reveals heterogeneity in pathways of progression to type 1 diabetes
Main findingResult — go to the resultGenetic correlation (rg) 0.6Authors' conclusion
We performed the first GWAS of type 1 diabetes stratified by DR3 and DR4 status, which revealed heterogeneity in genetic risk and biological mechanisms dependent on high-risk HLA background.
Study context
- Population
- T1D cases and control individuals from multiple cohorts9,091 cases · 14,157 controls
- Comparison
- T1D genetic association in DR3 vs DR4 individuals
- Outcome
- Genetic heterogeneity of T1D by DR3 and DR4 status
Methodological detailsstratified by HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 status, multiple cohorts, case-control
- Stratified by HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 status
- Multiple cohorts
- Case-control
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Genetic correlation (rg)
0.6
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Genetic association stratified by HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 status reveals heterogeneity in pathways of progression to type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. Published 31 August 2026. doi:10.
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