Frailty, diabetic foot ulceration and mortality in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: Multistate analysis of primary care patients in the UK clinical practice research datalink
Authors' conclusion
Information on age and frailty at type 2 diabetes diagnosis is necessary to enhance risk stratification and guide personalised diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for DFU.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T2D in UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD primary care records, 2000–2021; median age 62 years, 50.9 % women
- Participants
- 186,473 individuals
- Exposure
- Frailty categories: fit, mild, moderate, severe
- Outcome
- Risk of DFU and mortality in relation to frailty
Methodological detailsparametric multistate modelling, primary care records linked to hospital and mortality data
- Parametric multistate modelling
- Primary care records linked to hospital and mortality data
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
10-year adjusted probability of DFU, women diagnosed at 60 · 10 years
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
10-year adjusted probability of DFU, men diagnosed at 60
Overall diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) and mortality · median follow-up 8.8 years
- Developed DFU
- 3,551 (1.9 %)
- Died
- 53,118 (28.5 %)
Original publication
Frailty, diabetic foot ulceration and mortality in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: Multistate analysis of primary care patients in the UK clinical practice research datalink. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 15 December 2025. doi:10.
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