Female Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone use, and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease and end-stage Renal Disease
Authors' conclusion
Several reproductive characteristics reflecting shorter cumulative exposure to endogenous estrogen or premature exposure to exogenous hormones are associated with a greater risk of CKD and ESRD in women, supporting a potential role of female hormones in renal pathophysiology.
Study context
- Population
- Women without prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
- Participants
- 260,108 women
- Exposure
- Reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use vs incident CKD and ESRD
- Outcome
- Incident CKD and ESRD
- Follow-up
- Median ∼12.5 years
Methodological detailsmultivariable-adjusted
- Multivariable-adjusted
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident CKD · median ∼12.5 years
- CKD cases
- 8766
- ESRD cases
- 554
- CKD per 5-year increment in menopausal age, HR
- 0.89 (0.87-0.91) (95% CI)
- ESRD per 5-year increment in menopausal age, HR
- 0.87 (0.79-0.95) (95% CI)
- CKD per 5-year delay in starting MHT, HR
- 0.87 (0.84-0.90) (95% CI)
- ESRD per 5-year delay in starting MHT, HR
- 0.85 (0.73-0.99) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Female Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone use, and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease and end-stage Renal Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 3 June 2024. doi:10.
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