Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Extrapolated Time in Range and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Higher eTIR values were associated with a reduced risk of preterm birth, neonatal respiratory distress, and LGA infants. For pregnant women with T1D, achieving an eTIR above 50% was sufficient to decrease the risk of these adverse outcomes, highlighting the importance of glucose control even in challenging circumstances.
Study context
- Population
- Singleton pregnancies in women with T1D, antenatal care before 20 weeks, live newborns without malformations, 2010–2019; Time in range (TIR) extrapolated from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)pregnancies analysed
- Participants
- 140 pregnancies
- Exposure
- Extrapolated TIR (eTIR) 50%-70% and eTIR >70% vs eTIR <50%
- Outcome
- Adverse perinatal outcomes:
- Preeclampsia
- Nephropathy
- Cesarean section
- Preterm birth
- Macrosomia
- LGA
- Small for gestational age (SGA)
- 5-minute Apgar <7
- Shoulder dystocia
- Neonatal respiratory distress
- Neonatal hypoglycemia
- Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Distribution of eTIR
OR
- eTIR 50%-70% · preterm birth
- 0.271 (95% CI 0.094–0.786)
- eTIR >70% · preterm birth
- 0.219 (95% CI 0.058–0.826)
- eTIR 50%-70% · neonatal respiratory distress
- 0.341 (95% CI 0.124–0.936)
- eTIR >70% · neonatal respiratory distress
- 0.122 (95% CI 0.029–0.516)
- eTIR 50%-70% · large for gestational age (LGA) infants
- 0.246 (95% CI 0.084–0.719)
- eTIR >70% · LGA infants
- 0.115 (95% CI 0.028–0.469)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Extrapolated Time in Range and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 5 September 2025. doi:10.
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