Exercise training and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies with emphasis on potential moderators
Authors' conclusion
Using robust statistical methods, the present work provides further evidence for a positive effect of exercise on BMD in postmenopausal women. Differences in bone status (osteopenia/osteoporosis versus normal bone), menopausal status (early versus late postmenopausal), and supervision (yes versus no) did not significantly affect the exercise effects on BMD at LS or proximal femur.
Study context
- Population
- Postmenopausal women in controlled exercise trials ≥ 6 months; 8 databases searched up to August 9, 2022
- Participants
- 5,581 women80 studies
- Comparison
- Exercise training vs control
- Outcome
- BMD changes (SMD) at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH)
Methodological detailsPRISMA, inverse heterogeneity (IVhet) model, trials ≥ 6 months
- PRISMA
- Inverse heterogeneity (IVhet) model
- Trials ≥ 6 months
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
SMD, LS-BMD
0.29
95% CI 0.16–0.42
I2 = 68%
SMD, FN-BMD
0.27
95% CI 0.16–0.39
Bone mineral density (BMD) change
SMD, TH-BMD
0.41
95% CI 0.30–0.52
I2 = 20%
Further pooled results
Moderators: osteopenia/osteoporosis vs normal BMD; early vs late postmenopausal; predominantly supervised vs non-supervised
- No significant differences in exercise effects on lumbar spine (LS)-, femoral neck (FN)- or TH-BMD between subgroups
- P > 0.09
Original publication
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