Thyroid disease

Evolutionary analysis of indeterminate cytology and risk of malignancy in a thyroid nodule unit

Eur Thyroid JPublished Retrospective cohort study

Authors' conclusion

Bethesda system reduces indeterminate cytologies and improves the accuracy of FNA diagnosis. We reported a higher proportion of malignancy than expected in Bethesda III, underscoring the importance of having institution-specific data to guide decision-making. However, there is a need for risk stratification tools that allow for conservative management in low-risk cases.

Study context

Population
Patients with thyroid nodules undergoing cytological evaluation in a thyroid nodule unit
Participants
3,020 patients
Exposure
Indeterminate thyroid cytology diagnosis and management across three periods
Outcome
Evolution in diagnosis and management of indeterminate thyroid nodules: distribution of cytologies, risk of malignancy, FNA diagnostic performance, cytologic-histologic correlation
Methodological detailsthree time periods (2006-2008, 2012-2014, 2017-2019)
  • Three time periods (2006-2008, 2012-2014, 2017-2019)

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

Indeterminate cytology rate
Insufficient cytology
2.2%
Benign cytology
86.9%
Malignant cytology
1.7%
Indeterminate cytology overall
11.4%

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Further findings

Malignancy after surgery in 'indeterminate with atypia' (2006-2008) / Bethesda IV (later periods); all operated

Diagnostic surgery in 'indeterminate without atypia' (2006-2008) / Bethesda III (later periods)

Malignancy confirmed in 'indeterminate without atypia' / Bethesda III

Surgery and malignancy in benign, malignant and suspicious cytology

Surgery in benign cytology
13%
Malignant histology after surgery for benign cytology
2.7%
Malignancy confirmed, malignant cytology (all operated)
98%
Malignancy confirmed, suspicious cytology (all operated)
77%

FNA diagnostic performance

Sensitivity
91.6%
NPV in all periods
greater than 96%
Specificity in the last two periods
exceeded 75%

Original publication

Evolutionary analysis of indeterminate cytology and risk of malignancy in a thyroid nodule unit. Eur Thyroid J. Published 6 June 2024. doi:10.1530/etj-24-0076

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