An evening chronotype is associated with the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study
Authors' conclusion
People with type 2 diabetes and an evening chronotype have worsened glucose management and are at a higher risk of incidence and/or progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Study context
- Population
- Japanese outpatients with T2D and no apparent history of CVD57 with endpoint
- Participants
- 731 outpatients
- Exposure
- Chronotype and incidence and progression of DR
- Outcome
- Composite of:
- Incidence
- Progression of DR
- Follow-up
- Median 7.56 years (IQR 6.04-7.95)
Methodological detailsobservational
- Observational
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Composite endpoint per mean MEQ score · median 7.56 years
Mean Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score vs composite endpoint, multivariate Cox HR
0.95
95% CI 0.91, 0.99
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Fold higher risk (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Composite endpoint by chronotype group (sensitivity analysis)More evening vs Neither · sensitivity analysis | 2.29 (1.15–4.55) |
| Composite endpoint by chronotype group (sensitivity analysis)More evening vs More morning · sensitivity analysis | 2.09 (1.05–4.13) |
Glucose management over time
- More evening chronotype had worsening glucose management over time vs other chronotypes
Mean MEQ score vs composite endpoint adjusted for mean HbA1c over time
- Significant negative association still observed
Original publication
An evening chronotype is associated with the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. Diabetologia. Published 24 October 2025. doi:10.
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