Evaluation of an Objective Measure of Mealtime Insulin Administration Frequency in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Findings support the validity of BOLUS as an objective behavioral measure in EA with T1D and highlight reduced mealtime insulin engagement during this developmental period.
Study context
- Population
- Emerging adults with T1D aged 18–22 using insulin pumps
- Participants
- 347 adults
- Outcome
- Associations between BOLUS scores and glycemic outcomes (HbA1c and CGM metrics)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Correlation of BOLUS score with glycemic outcomes
Higher bolus score (BOLUS) scores associated with lower HbA1c (r; P < 0.001)
−0.24
Higher BOLUS scores associated with greater TIR (r; P < 0.001)
0.23
Higher BOLUS scores associated with lower TAR (r; P < 0.001)
−0.23
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Mean BOLUS score, substantially lower than previously reported mean pediatric BOLUS score
- 1.17
Original publication
Evaluation of an Objective Measure of Mealtime Insulin Administration Frequency in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 17 July 2026. doi:10.
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