Evaluation of a structured type 1 diabetes education program for adolescents and parents: Teens Empowered to Actively Manage Type 1 ( TEAM T1 )
Authors' conclusion
Overall, HbA1c and psychological outcomes did not improve significantly, although DD and HbA1c decreased among adolescents with elevated levels at baseline. The emphasis on monitoring food and blood glucose did not worsen DD and may have a positive impact on family relationships and body weight concerns.
Study context
- Population
- Adolescents (aged 12–19) with T1D and their parents, routine care86% attended full program
- Participants
- 207 vs 207
- Comparison
- Before vs after TEAM T1 structured T1D education program
- Adolescentsn = 207
- Parentsn = 207
- Outcome
- Diabetes distress (DD), diabetes-related family conflict (DRFC), HbA1c
Methodological detailspre-post, routine care, 178 adolescents (mean age 16 ± 1 years, 54% (n = 96) female) and 125 parents completed baseline questionnaires
- Pre-post
- Routine care
- 178 adolescents (mean age 16 ± 1 years, 54% (n = 96) female) and 125 parents completed baseline questionnaires
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- No change in diabetes distress (DD), DRFC or HbA1c
- p ≥ 0.05
Further findings
Diabetes management self-efficacy (DMSE), adolescents · 3 months
- DMSE increased
- 0.14, p < 0.008
DD in adolescents with elevated baseline DD (PAID-T ≥70), n = 78 (48%) · 3 months
- DD decreased
- −7.36, p = 0.025
HbA1c by baseline HbA1c
- HbA1c decreased among those with high baseline HbA1c (>75 mmol/mol; 9.0%; 34%, n = 56)
- P = 0.002
- HbA1c increased among those <75 mmol/mol
- P = 0.001
Parental DD · 3 months
- Parental DD decreased
- −6.3, p = 0.014
- Significant decrease in parental concerns about child's food and eating and glucose levels
- d = 2.7-3.2, p < 0.04
All outcomes · 12 months
- Differences were not significant
Original publication
Evaluation of a structured type 1 diabetes education program for adolescents and parents: Teens Empowered to Actively Manage Type 1 ( TEAM T1 ). Diabet Med. Published 5 February 2026. doi:10.
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