Eighteen‐Year Incidence, Health Outcomes and Costs Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in NSW, Australia
Authors' conclusion
DKA at diagnosis of T1D is a common and expensive health issue in Australia, with the rate of DKA at diagnosis not improving over the last two decades.
Study context
- Population
- Children aged <16 years with T1D residing in New South Wales, Australia, 2002–2019
- Participants
- 5,832 children
- Exposure
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) vs no DKA at T1D diagnosis
- Outcome
- Incidence and trends of DKA at T1D diagnosis
Methodological detailspopulation-based hospital records (APDC), 2002-2019
- Population-based hospital records (APDC)
- 2002-2019
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
DKA at T1D diagnosis · 2002-2019
- DKA at diagnosis
- 36%
- Proportion with DKA at diagnosis, 2002-2003
- 34.4%
- Proportion with DKA at diagnosis, 2018-2019
- 41.0%
- Limited evidence of meaningful change over time (Cochrane-Armitage test-for-trend)
- p=0.062
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Readmission(s) for DKA | 1.35 (1.23–1.49) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | DKA | No DKA |
|---|---|---|
| Costs/person, all available follow-up | $20,571 (IQR $10,825, $37,845) | $9743 (IQR $4980, $18,287) |
Factors associated with DKA at diagnosis
- DKA at diagnosis associated with age <2 years, lower socio-economic status (SES) and rural/regional areas
Costs/person, all available follow-up
- DKA doubled the costs/person
Original publication
Eighteen‐Year Incidence, Health Outcomes and Costs Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in NSW, Australia. Pediatr Diabetes. Published 21 July 2025. doi:10.
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