Effects of combined intraduodenal administration of lauric acid and l-tryptophan on postprandial plasma glucose, glucoregulatory hormones and gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomised, crossover study
Authors' conclusion
In type 2 diabetes, intraduodenal C12+Trp lowers postprandial glucose, probably primarily by slowing of gastric emptying and mediated by GLP-1 and CCK. These findings support further exploration of nutrient-based gastrointestinal strategies to optimise glycaemic management in type 2 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Men with T2D (age 69 ± 7 years; HbA1c 51 ± 5 mmol/mol [6.8 ± 0.3%]; BMI 28 ± 1 kg/m²), University of Adelaide Clinical Research Facilitycrossover, 4 occasions
- Participants
- 11 men
- Comparison
- Intraduodenal C12, Trp, C12+Trp vs saline control before a mixed-nutrient drink
- Primary endpoint
- Postprandial plasma glucose
- Follow-up
- 180 min post-drink
Methodological detailsdouble-blind (investigators and participants), single-centre
- Double-blind (investigators and participants)
- Single-centre
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Peak plasma glucose
P = 0.01
- C12+Trp, but not C12 or Trp, reduced overall plasma glucose
- P = 0.02
Further findings
Gastric emptying (13C-acetate breath test)
- C12+Trp slowed gastric emptying
- P = 0.001
Pre-drink plasma GLP-1, GIP and CCK
- C12+Trp increased pre-drink GLP-1, GIP and CCK
- all p<0.05
- No effect on insulin or C-peptide
Postprandial hormones
- No treatment effects were observed postprandially
Original publication
Effects of combined intraduodenal administration of lauric acid and l-tryptophan on postprandial plasma glucose, glucoregulatory hormones and gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomised, crossover study. Diabetologia. Published 19 December 2025. doi:10.
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