Effect of Metformin Use on Vitamin B12 Deficiency Over Time (EMBER): A Real-World Evidence Database Study
An erratum to this article was published (Endocr Pract, Jan 2024 ↗)
Main finding · B12 deficiencyResult — go to the resultIncreased risk 4.7%Authors' conclusion
Long-term metformin use was associated with an increased risk of B12 deficiency in patients with T2DM, with compounding risk over time.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥18 years with T2D, All of Us database; those with B12 deficiency before metformin use excluded
- Participants
- 36,740 adults
- Exposure
- Metformin use vs no metformin use
- Metforminn = 6,221
- Non-metforminn = 30,519reference
- Outcome
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
Methodological detailsreal-world evidence database study, All of Us database, adjusted logistic regression
- Real-world evidence database study
- All of Us database
- Adjusted logistic regression
Main finding
B12 deficiency
Increased risk
4.7%
P = 0.44
Events by group
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Increased odds | P value |
|---|---|---|
| B12 deficiency with metformin use ≥4 years vs <4 years | 41.0% | P < 0.05 |
| Borderline B12 deficiency (subgroup analysis) | 27.0% | P < 0.05 |
B12 deficiency per additional year of metformin use
- Increased likelihood of deficiency per additional year (P < .05)
- 5%
Original publication
Effect of Metformin Use on Vitamin B12 Deficiency Over Time (EMBER): A Real-World Evidence Database Study. Endocr Pract. Published 21 August 2023. doi:10.
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