Drug–gene interactions and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications: A population‐based cohort study
Main finding · DKD among antithrombotic usersResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 1.44 95% CI 1.12–1.86Authors' conclusion
This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of DGIs and diabetic microvascular complications. DGIs involving antithrombotic agents and non-normal CYP2C19 or CYP2D6 metabolizers were significantly linked to higher risks of DKD and DN. These findings underscore the potential of pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing to enhance drug safety.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants with diabetes using frequently prescribed medications
- Exposure
- Presence vs absence of drug-gene interactions (DGIs)
- Outcome
- Diabetic microvascular complications (DKD, DN, DR)
Methodological detailsUK Biobank, Cox proportional hazards models, therapeutic class-level and genotype-level analyses
- UK Biobank
- Cox proportional hazards models
- Therapeutic class-level and genotype-level analyses
Main finding
DKD among antithrombotic users
Hazard ratio
1.44
95% CI 1.12–1.86
DGIvs No DGI
HR 1.44 (95% CI 1.12–1.86)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| DN among antithrombotic usersAntithrombotic agent users | 2.13 (1.39–3.28) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic neuropathy (DN) in non-normal CYP2C19 or CYP2D6 metabolizers
- DGIs conferred elevated risks for DKD and DN (HR range)
- 1.26-2.11
DR
- No significant association between DGI and DR
DGIs identified
- Medications preferentially used in diabetes
- 368
- Clinically relevant DGIs (30 medications, 7 genes)
- 55
Original publication
Drug–gene interactions and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications: A population‐based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 26 January 2026. doi:10.
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