Different carbohydrate exposures and weight gain—results from a pooled analysis of three population-based studies
Authors' conclusion
Our findings do not support an association between carbohydrate intake and weight gain. However, the results suggested that concurrent changes in carbohydrate intake might be an important determinant of weight change and should be further examined in future studies.
Study context
- Population
- Finnish adults aged 25–70 years in three population-based prospective cohorts
- Participants
- 8,327 adults3 cohorts
- Comparison
- Intake quintiles of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugar and sucrose (highest vs lowest)
- Outcome
- Weight gain of at least 5%
- Follow-up
- 7-year follow-up
Methodological detailstwo-staged pooling, 7-year follow-up
- Two-staged pooling
- 7-year follow-up
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Weight gain ≥5% by intake of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugar, sucrose
- No association between intakes of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugar or sucrose and risk of weight gain ≥5%
Further pooled results
| Outcome | RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Weight gain risk by total sugar intake, participants with obesity | 0.63 (0.40–1.00) | |
| 0.512Relative risk (log scale) |
- Weight gain risk by total sugar intake, participants with obesity: borderline protective; adjusted for sex, age, baseline weight, education, smoking, physical activity, energy intake
Weight gain risk by sucrose intake, participants with ≥10% decrease in carbohydrate intake during follow-up
- Borderline protective association (adjusted RR)
- RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61-1.00
Further adjustment for fruit consumption
- Further adjustment for fruit consumption strengthened the associations
Original publication
Different carbohydrate exposures and weight gain—results from a pooled analysis of three population-based studies. Int J Obes (Lond). Published 6 May 2023. doi:10.
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