Dietary interventions and vitamin D3 replacement in pituitary tumors: a systematic review
Authors' conclusion
Evidence on dietary strategies for PitNET management is limited. Low-carbohydrate diet and ERD may improve adverse metabolic comorbidities, while vitamin D3 replacement shows potential benefits for insulin sensitivity in CD and fracture risk in acromegaly.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs): acromegaly, Cushing's disease (CD), prolactinomas and hypopituitarism (HP)
- Participants
- 355 patients8 studies
- Comparison
- Dietary interventions and vitamin D3 replacement in pituitary tumors
- Outcome
- Metabolic and bone outcomes of dietary interventions
Methodological detailsrisk of bias assessed with ROBINS-I and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
- Risk of bias assessed with ROBINS-I and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Acromegaly: isocaloric very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD) reduced IGF-1 levels
- CD: VLCKD and energy-restricted diets (ERD) improved BMI and metabolic parameters
- Prolactinoma: ERD with increased physical activity improved weight and biochemical control
- HP: ERD with increased physical activity and sibutramine improved body composition and metabolic outcomes
- Vitamin D replacement reduced vertebral fracture risk in acromegaly and improved insulin sensitivity and lipid levels in CD
- 5 interventional and 3 observational studies
Original publication
Dietary interventions and vitamin D3 replacement in pituitary tumors: a systematic review. Eur J Endocrinol. Published 20 September 2026. doi:10.
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