Diabetic foot disease and the risk of major clinical outcomes
Authors' conclusion
DFD is common and confers substantial risk for major morbidity and mortality.
Study context
- Population
- Participants with diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; follow-up 1996–1998 to 2018
- Participants
- 1,428 participants
- Exposure
- Incident diabetic foot disease (DFD) vs no DFD
- Outcome
- Major clinical outcomes: nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation, CVD, major fall and death
- Follow-up
- Through 2018
Methodological detailstime-varying exposure, Cox regression, multivariable adjustment
- Time-varying exposure
- Cox regression
- Multivariable adjustment
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Association of incident DFD with major clinical outcomes
DFD associated with all four clinical outcomes after multivariable adjustment; HR range from CVD to lower-extremity amputation
1.5 to 34.7
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Cumulative incidence of DFD · 1996-1998 to 2018
- Cumulative incidence of DFD
- 33.3%
Five-year cumulative incidence of outcomes following incident DFD · 5 years
- Mortality
- 38.9%
- CVD
- 25.2%
- Nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation
- 14.5%
- Major fall
- 13.2%
Risk factors for DFD
- Older age, poor glycemic control, long diabetes duration, prevalent vascular disease (CKD, retinopathy, CVD)
Original publication
Diabetic foot disease and the risk of major clinical outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 14 June 2023. doi:10.
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