Daily Carbohydrate Entries and Glycemic Outcomes Following Automated Insulin Delivery System Initiation in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Real-World Multinational Longitudinal Study
Authors' conclusion
Variability in CHO entries is associated with lower TIR, emphasizing the importance of consistent premeal bolus routine when using AID.
Study context
- Population
- Youth (7–21 years) with T1D for >1 year, followed >6 months after automated insulin delivery (AID) initiation
- Participants
- 347 participants
- Outcome
- Association between daily CHO entries and glycemic outcomes (CGM-based TIR 70-180 mg/dL, TITR 70-140 mg/dL)
Methodological detailsmultinational, real-world
- Multinational
- Real-world
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Day-to-day variability in CHO entries negatively associated with overall time in range (TIR)
- P < 0.001
- Day-to-day variability in CHO entries negatively associated with overall time in tight range (TITR)
- P < 0.001
- Higher deviation in daily CHO entry associated with lower daily TITR and TIR
- both P < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Overall TIR and TITR after AID initiation
- Overall TIR
- 75.0%
- Overall TITR
- 50.3%
Original publication
Daily Carbohydrate Entries and Glycemic Outcomes Following Automated Insulin Delivery System Initiation in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Real-World Multinational Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Care. Published 6 June 2025. doi:10.
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