Clinicopathological features and outcomes of immature PIT-1 lineage tumors: A high-risk pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/pituitary adenoma subtype per WHO 2022
Authors' conclusion
Immature PIT-1 lineage tumors exhibit aggressive behavior with high residual disease rates, with 31% of patients requiring reoperation, 23% receiving adjuvant radiotherapy, and somatostatin analogue resistance observed in two patients. Routine TF immunohistochemistry is essential for accurate diagnosis; management requires maximal safe surgical resection and intensive long-term surveillance.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with pathologically confirmed immature PIT-1 lineage tumors (WHO 2022 criteria, transcription factor (TF) immunohistochemistry) who underwent surgery at a tertiary center, January 2022–December 2024complete follow-up
- Participants
- 13 patients
- Outcome
- Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes
- Follow-up
- 16-month (range: 4-51 months)
Methodological detailssingle-centre, tertiary centre
- Single-centre
- Tertiary centre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Immature PIT-1 lineage tumors among surgically treated pituitary adenomas
- 4% (21/525)
- Age
- median 37 years (range: 25-73)
- Female
- 61.5%
- Hormonal hypersecretion
- 61.5%
- Acromegaly
- 38.5%
- TSH-secreting tumors
- 15.4%
- GH-PRL co-secretion
- 7.7%
- Macroadenomas
- all patients
- Tumor diameter
- median 28 mm (range: 15-59 mm)
- Cavernous sinus invasion (Knosp grades 3-4)
- 38.5%
- Immunohistochemically defined plurihormonal phenotype
- 77%
- Cytologic atypia
- all cases
- Residual disease despite maximal surgical resection
- 46%
- Required reoperation
- 31%
- Ki-67 proliferation index
- median 4% (IQR: 2-10%; range: 1-35%)
- Mitotic count
- median 4 per 2 mm² (IQR: 1-8; range: 1-20)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Clinicopathological features and outcomes of immature PIT-1 lineage tumors: A high-risk pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/pituitary adenoma subtype per WHO 2022. Pituitary. Published 13 May 2026. doi:10.
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