Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hepatic Biomarkers Outside Guideline-Recommended Thresholds: Prevalence and Determinants in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Obesity and elevated LDL cholesterol are highly prevalent in adults with T1D, indicating substantial cardiometabolic risk. The lack of outcome trials in this population underscores the need for studies to evaluate strategies to improve weight and lipid management and thereby reduce cardiovascular and renal risk in adults with T1D.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D, T1D Exchange Registry linked to NorstellaLinQ laboratory data (2022–2023)
- Participants
- 2,923 adults
- Outcome
- Prevalence of cardiovascular, renal and hepatic biomarkers outside guideline-based thresholds
Methodological detailsregistry-linked laboratory data, generalized estimating equations
- Registry-linked laboratory data
- Generalized estimating equations
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of biomarkers outside guideline-recommended thresholds
- Elevated LDL-C (≥70 mg/dL)
- 80.2%
- Overweight
- 33.8%
- Obesity
- 30.3%
- High total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL)
- 22.6%
- Low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL males, <50 mg/dL females)
- 13.4%
- Elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (≥30 mg/g)
- 13.0%
- Reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m²)
- 6.2%
- Elevated FIB-4 (≥1.3)
- 14.4%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Determinants of abnormal biomarkers (adjusted generalized estimating equations (GEE) models)
- Higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) significantly associated with increased odds of abnormal cardiovascular and renal biomarkers across most measures
- Male sex and body mass index (BMI) linked to lower HDL-C
- Older age strongly associated with elevated FIB-4
Original publication
Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hepatic Biomarkers Outside Guideline-Recommended Thresholds: Prevalence and Determinants in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 7 May 2026. doi:10.
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