Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages, stage transitions, and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors' conclusion
Nearly 77% of participants were classified in poor CKM stages (2-3), strongly associated with excess cardiovascular risk. These findings highlight the importance of early CKM detection and targeted interventions.
Study context
- Population
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-free adults aged 30–79 years, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
- Participants
- 7,770 adults
- Exposure
- CKM stages 1–3 vs stage 0
- Outcome
- Incident CVD
- Follow-up
- Median 19.9 years
Methodological detailspopulation-based
- Population-based
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
median 19.9 years
Each group vs stage 0Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Stage 2
2.03(1.59–2.58)
Stage 3
2.76(2.05–3.73)
- CVD events
- 1450
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Baseline prevalence of CKM stages
| Outcome | HR (CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CVD mortalityStage 3vs Stage 0 | 2.61 (1.53–4.45) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
- CVD mortality — CVD deaths
- 338
Coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and myocardial infarction (MI)
- Similar associations as for CVD were observed for CHD, stroke and MI
Each 1-stage CKM progression over ∼3 years
- Significantly greater risk of endpoints, except MI
- 1.40-2.01 times
Original publication
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages, stage transitions, and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 23 March 2026. doi:10.
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