Cardiometabolic factors and risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes in England: a large retrospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Higher DBP, BMI, and glycemic measures measured over 10 years before dementia diagnosis were linked to a greater dementia risk among adults with T2D. Associations varied depending on when cardiometabolic factors were measured relative to dementia diagnosis, demonstrating the importance of distinguishing potential long-term risk factors from short-term markers of dementia development.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D, Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1999–2018), England
- Participants
- 249,958 adults
- Exposure
- Levels of eight routinely measured cardiometabolic factors
- Outcome
- Incident dementia
Methodological detailsmultivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, age as timescale, stratified by follow-up time before dementia diagnosis
- Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression
- Age as timescale
- Stratified by follow-up time before dementia diagnosis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Dementia risk by cardiometabolic factor
- Incident dementia cases (1 257 998 person-years of follow-up)
- 22 492
- Higher diastolic BP (90 vs 80 mm Hg): greater dementia risk
- 21% (95% CI 15% to 27%)
- Body mass index (BMI) ≥30 vs <25 kg/m² measured within 5 years of diagnosis: lower dementia risk
- 32% (27%-36%)
- BMI ≥30 vs <25 kg/m² measured 5-10 years before diagnosis: higher dementia risk
- 15% (7%-23%)
- BMI ≥30 vs <25 kg/m² measured ≥10 years before diagnosis: higher dementia risk
- 43% (31%-56%)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Cardiometabolic factors and risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes in England: a large retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 17 August 2026. doi:10.
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