BMI Normalization Is Associated With Lower Risk of Progression to Type 1 Diabetes, Primarily in Youth
Main finding · Progression to stage 3 T1DResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 0.516Authors' conclusion
Among autoantibody-positive individuals with overweight or obesity, BMI normalization was associated with a 48.4% lower risk of clinical T1D, primarily in youth.
Study context
- Population
- Autoantibody-positive participants with overweight or obesity at baseline, TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study
- Participants
- 833 participants
- Exposure
- BMI normalization vs no BMI normalization
- Outcome
- Progression to stage 3 T1D
- Follow-up
- Median 4.1 years
Methodological detailssecondary analysis of TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study
- Secondary analysis of TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio
0.516
P < 0.001
- BMI normalized in participants during follow-up
- 26.8%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Progression to stage 3 T1D, youth (n = 421) | 0.497 | P = 0.001 |
| Progression to stage 3 T1D, boys <12 years old (n = 140) | P < 0.001 | |
| Progression to stage 3 T1D, girls ≥12 years old (n = 73) | P = 0.043 | |
| Progression to stage 3 T1D, adults (n = 412) | P = 0.130 | |
| Transition stage 1 to stage 2Adjusted for baseline age and BMI z score | P = 0.010 | |
| Transition stage 2 to stage 3Adjusted for baseline age and BMI z score | P = 0.003 | |
| Transition stage 0 to stage 1Adjusted for baseline age and BMI z score | P = 0.051 |
Progression to stage 3 T1D, adults (n = 412)
- Association not observed in adults
Transition stage 0 to stage 1
- Not clearly associated
Exploratory adjusted models
- Adjustment for insulin sensitivity/resistance indices or oral disposition index weakened the association; adjustment for insulin secretion, glycemia-adjusted C-peptide or progression-risk indices generally strengthened it
- Exploratory
Original publication
BMI Normalization Is Associated With Lower Risk of Progression to Type 1 Diabetes, Primarily in Youth. Diabetes Care. Published 16 July 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →