Association of glycation gap with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults: A nationwide cohort study
Authors' conclusion
We found a U-shaped association between GGap and all-cause and CV mortality, with significant positive or negative GGap values associated with increased mortality risk, probably because of glycaemic variability and fructosamine-3-kinase activity.
Study context
- Population
- US adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004, mortality data through 31 December 2019
- Participants
- 12,909 adults
- Exposure
- Glycation gap (GGap) categories vs GGap 0.09%-0.38%
- Outcome
- All-cause and CV mortality
- Follow-up
- Median 16.8 years
Methodological detailsnationwide, weighted Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic splines
- Nationwide
- Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression
- Restricted cubic splines
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs GGap 0.09%-0.38%Estimate (95% CI)
GGap <−0.83%
multivariable-adjusted HR, all-cause mortality 1.36(1.10–1.69)
GGap >0.90%
multivariable-adjusted HR, all-cause mortality 1.21(1.00–1.45)
GGap <−0.83%
multivariable-adjusted HR, CV mortality 1.77(1.16–2.71)
GGap >0.90%
multivariable-adjusted HR, CV mortality 1.43(1.04–1.95)
- Deaths
- 3528
- Cardiovascular (CV) deaths
- 1140
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
GGap value with lowest risk of all-cause and CV mortality
- General population
- 0.38%
- Individuals with diabetes
- 0.78%
Original publication
Association of glycation gap with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults: A nationwide cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 19 April 2023. doi:10.
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