Association between sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after urinary tract infection
Main finding · MortalityResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 0.59 95% CI 0.45–0.77Authors' conclusion
In patients with T2DM recovering from UTI, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower risks of mortality, kidney complications, and infection-related outcomes compared with DPP-4 inhibitors. These findings support the safety and clinical benefit of continuing or initiating SGLT2i during the post-infectious phase, even after a recent urinary tract infection.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D who had a urinary tract infection (UTI) or pyelonephritis diagnosis, TriNetX US Collaborative Network (2016–2023)matched cohort
- Participants
- 2,129 vs 2,129
- Exposure
- SGLT2i vs DPP-4i initiated within 90 days after UTI
- SGLT2in = 2,129
- DPP-4in = 2,129reference
- Outcome
- Mortality
- Follow-up
- 4-year period
Methodological detailspropensity-score matched (1:1), TriNetX US Collaborative Network
- Propensity-score matched (1:1)
- TriNetX US Collaborative Network
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio
0.59
95% CI 0.45–0.77
SGLT2ivs DPP-4i
HR 0.59 (95% CI 0.45–0.77)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| MACE | 0.91 (0.79–1.04) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | HR |
|---|---|
| MAKE | 0.78 |
| Hospitalisation | 0.89 |
| Dialysis dependence | 0.43 |
| ED visits | 0.88 |
Safety
| Outcome | HR |
|---|---|
| Sepsis | 0.75 |
Original publication
Association between sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after urinary tract infection. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 4 August 2025. doi:10.
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