Association between combined atherogenic and frailty index and cardiovascular events: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohort
Authors' conclusion
Our study demonstrated that higher AIP-FI was significantly associated with increased risk of CVD, stroke, and heart disease. By integrating metabolic and frailty information, AIP-FI offers an effective and accessible tool for cardiovascular risk assessment, supporting earlier prevention and intervention strategies in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations.
Study context
- Population
- Participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) without cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke or heart disease at baseline
- Participants
- 6,896 participants
- Exposure
- Per 1-unit increment in AIP-frailty index (AIP-FI)
- Outcome
- Risk of CVD, stroke and heart disease
- Follow-up
- Median 9 years
Methodological detailsCox proportional hazard models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis
- Cox proportional hazard models
- Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CVD, HR per 1-unit increment in AIP-FI
2.95
95% CI 2.15, 4.05
Stroke, HR per 1-unit increment in AIP-FI
3.14
95% CI 1.88, 5.26
Heart disease, HR per 1-unit increment in AIP-FI
2.72 (95% CI 1.06, 1.89, 3.92) (CI as printed)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Incident events · median follow-up 9 years
- CVD events
- 1648 (23.9%)
- Stroke events
- 548 (7.9%)
- Heart disease events
- 1280 (18.6%)
Dose–response (RCS) of AIP-FI with CVD, stroke and heart disease
- Significant positive nonlinear relationship for CVD, stroke and heart disease
- all P-overall < 0.05, and all P for non-linear < 0.05
Original publication
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