Abnormal Body Composition Increases the Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents and Young Adults With Turner Syndrome
Authors' conclusion
Adverse cardiometabolic risk and altered body composition start early in life in TS. Postpubertal women with TS should be routinely assessed for truncal obesity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and liver steatosis, irrespective of body mass index and karyotype.
Study context
- Population
- Girls and women with Turner syndrome (TS) aged 12 to 30 years and age- and BMI-matched controls
- Participants
- 103 vs 103
- Exposure
- TS vs controls of the same age and BMI
- TSn = 103
- Controlsn = 103reference
- Outcome
- Cardiometabolic risk and whether anthropometry and body composition (DXA) predict it
Methodological detailsage- and BMI-matched controls
- Age- and BMI-matched controls
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Total body fat percentage
| Outcome | TS | Controlskg/m2 |
|---|---|---|
| Truncal obesity | 57.2% | — not stated in the abstract |
| MetS | 37.9% | — not stated in the abstract |
| Prediabetes | 20.4% | — not stated in the abstract |
| Dyslipidemia | 73.8% | — not stated in the abstract |
| Hypertension | 9.7% | — not stated in the abstract |
| Hepatic steatosis | 15.5% | — not stated in the abstract |
| Fat mass index | 9.15 kg/m² | 6.71 |
| Lean mass index | 11.05 kg/m² | 12.49 |
— not stated in the abstract
- TS vs Controls: P < 0.001 — higher prevalence of truncal obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hepatic steatosis; greater body fat % and fat mass index, lower lean mass index with TS
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Body composition, TS with vs without MetS TS with MetS n = 39 · P < 0.0001
Total body fat percentage
Truncal fat percentage
Visceral adipose tissue mass TS with MetS 495.57 g · TS without MetS 276 g
Predictors of MetS
| OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Truncal fat percentageIndependent predictor of MetS | 1.12 (1.003–1.24) | P = 0.04 | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
- Prediabetes, classic TS (45,X) vs other karyotypes · higher prevalence with 45,X (32.6% vs 10.5%)
- P = 0.01
- Body composition, TS with vs without MetS: higher total body fat %, truncal fat % and visceral adipose tissue mass with MetS (each P <.0001)
MetS and truncal obesity by GH treatment
- GH recipients had a lower prevalence of MetS and lesser truncal obesity
Predictors of MetS
- Altered body composition significantly correlated with metabolic risk
- Waist circumference and WHR predicted metabolic risk with good sensitivity and specificity
Original publication
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