Using Nutrition to Improve Time in rangE (UNITE): A Randomized Clinical Trial with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People with Type 2 Diabetes Not Taking Insulin
Authors' conclusion
Changes in mean TIR70-180 did not differ between the NFA and SDA arms; however, both arms experienced significant within-arm improvements, which support the use of CGM to improve glycemia in people with T2D not on insulin.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D not on insulin initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); mean age 65.0 (SD 10.3) years, T2D duration 10.7 (6.5) years, HbA1c 7.9% (0.7)
- Participants
- 64 vs 60
- Comparison
- Nutrition-focused approach (NFA) vs self-directed approach (SDA) during CGM initiation
- NFAn = 64
- SDAn = 60reference
- Primary endpoint
- Change in % TIR with glucose 70-180 mg/dL (TIR70-180)
- Follow-up
- Baseline to postintervention (60 days)
Methodological detailstwo-arm, 60-day trial
- Two-arm
- 60-day trial
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Change in TIR70-180 · Base to Post
- NFA TIR70-180 baseline (Base) to postintervention (Post)
- 46%-71%
- SDA TIR70-180 Base to Post
- 55%-71%
- Within-arm differences, both arms
- P < 0.001
Further findings
| Outcome | NFA | SDA | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change in time with glucose >250 mg/dL · Base to PostDecreased more with NFA | −14% | −6% | differential change P = 0.047 |
- Confidence using CGM data · significantly more confidence with NFA
- P < 0.05
Dietary intake
- NFA had several minor but significant within-arm changes in dietary intake
Original publication
Using Nutrition to Improve Time in rangE (UNITE): A Randomized Clinical Trial with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People with Type 2 Diabetes Not Taking Insulin. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 23 September 2025. doi:10.
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