Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and obesity‐associated cancers in people with type 2 diabetes: A real‐world observational study
Authors' conclusion
In this large real-world study of individuals with T2D, initiation of SGLT-2i was not associated with higher or lower rates of OAC compared with DPP-4i. However, initiation of SGLT-2i was associated with a modestly lower rate of the all-cancer outcome, the clinical significance of which remains unclear.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T2D, TriNetX US Collaborative Network; prior cancer or cancer diagnosed within 6 months after treatment initiation excluded
- Exposure
- SGLT2i initiation vs DPP-4i initiation
- Outcome
- Composite obesity-associated cancers (OAC)
Methodological details1:1 propensity score matching
- 1:1 propensity score matching
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Composite OAC
- SGLT2i initiation not associated with composite obesity-associated cancers (OAC) vs DPP-4i in overall population or across overweight/obesity status
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Renal cancer
- Lower rate of renal cancer, overall population: HR
- 0.78 (0.67-0.92) (95% CI)
- Lower rate of renal cancer, individuals with overweight/obesity: HR
- 0.79 (0.66-0.93) (95% CI)
Thyroid cancer
- Higher rate of thyroid cancer, overall population: HR
- 1.37 (1.06-1.76) (95% CI)
All-cancer outcome
- Modest reduction in all-cancer outcome, overall population: HR
- 0.96 (0.93-0.99) (95% CI)
- Modest reduction in all-cancer outcome, individuals with overweight/obesity: HR
- 0.95 (0.91-0.98) (95% CI)
- Modest reduction in all-cancer outcome, individuals without overweight/obesity: HR
- 0.88 (0.78-0.99) (95% CI)
Original publication
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and obesity‐associated cancers in people with type 2 diabetes: A real‐world observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 26 February 2026. doi:10.
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