SGLT2 Inhibitors and Nephrolithiasis Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Pooled result · NephrolithiasisResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.65–0.80Authors' conclusion
SGLT2i were associated with lower odds of nephrolithiasis in adults with type 2 diabetes. Substantial heterogeneity and the largely observational evidence base limit causal interpretation.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D; comparative studies of SGLT2i (PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL through April 26, 2026)10 studies · 14 comparisons
- Comparison
- SGLT2i vs comparators
- Outcome
- Nephrolithiasis
Methodological detailsrandom-effects (restricted maximum likelihood), subgroup analyses, meta-regression
- Random-effects (restricted maximum likelihood)
- Subgroup analyses
- Meta-regression
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Odds ratio
0.72
95% CI 0.65–0.80
P < 0.001
SGLT2ivs All comparators
OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.65–0.80); P < 0.001
Further pooled results
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Nephrolithiasis by comparatorSGLT2ivs Non-user controls | 0.55 (0.52–0.58) | |
| Nephrolithiasis by comparatorSGLT2ivs Placebo | 0.65 (0.49–0.85) | |
| Nephrolithiasis by comparatorSGLT2ivs DPP-4i | 0.74 (0.63–0.86) | |
| Nephrolithiasis by comparatorSGLT2ivs GLP-1 RA | 0.79 (0.70–0.90) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
- Nephrolithiasis by comparator — Subgroup difference by comparator
- p for subgroup difference < 0.0001
Effect modifiers
- Comparator class accounted for between-comparison variability; moderator test not significant
- 29.5% (p = 0.10)
- Associations consistent across study designs; outcome ascertainment methods did not significantly modify the association
- Follow-up duration not significantly associated with effect size
Original publication
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Nephrolithiasis Risk in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Endocr Pract. Published 29 September 2026. doi:10.
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