Sex-Specific Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis Involving 3 916 276 Individuals
Pooled result · ObesityResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 2.72 95% CI 2.54–2.91Authors' conclusion
There is an urgent need for a women-centred and region-stratified approach to tackle obesity awareness, treatment, and prevention in women in LMICs.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); databases searched from inception to March 2023
- Participants
- 3,916,276 individuals345 studies
- Comparison
- Women vs men
- Outcome
- Sex-specific disparities in the prevalence of obesity
Methodological detailsDerSimonian and Laird random-effects models, multilevel random-effects logistic regression, Two independent reviewers selected studies, assessed quality and extracted data
- DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models
- Multilevel random-effects logistic regression
- Two independent reviewers selected studies, assessed quality and extracted data
Pooled result
Obesity
Odds ratio
2.72
95% CI 2.54–2.91
Womenvs Men
OR 2.72 (95% CI 2.54–2.91)
As reported in the abstract
Further pooled results
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity, Sub-Saharan Africa (region with greatest sex disparity) | OR 3.91 (95% CI 3.49–4.39) | |
| Hypertension and T2D in women with vs without obesityWomen with obesityvs Women without obesity | OR (hypertension) 2.41 (95% CI 1.89–3.08) | |
| Hypertension and T2D in women with vs without obesityWomen with obesityvs Women without obesity | OR (T2D) 2.65 (95% CI 1.76–3.98) | |
| 0.20.5125Ratio (log scale) |
Prevalence among women in LMICs
- Obesity
- 23% (95% CI, 21%-25%)
- Hypertension
- 27% (95% CI, 24%-29%)
- T2D
- 7% (95% CI, 6%-9%)
- Prevalence of obesity and T2D in women varied by region, country's income and setting, highest in Middle East and North Africa, upper-middle-income countries and urban settings
Original publication
Sex-Specific Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis Involving 3 916 276 Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 1 November 2023. doi:10.
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