Sex‐specific differences in the prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia states: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Pooled result · Isolated impaired glucose toleranceResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 1.42 95% CI 1.23–1.65Authors' conclusion
There are sex-specific disparities in the prevalence of different isolated intermediate hyperglycaemic states, which may contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment in primary care and introduce ascertainment bias into research and policy.
Study context
- Population
- Participants of studies reporting sex-stratified prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemic states (isolated IGT, isolated IFG, combined IGT and IFG); MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase and CINAHL searched from inception
- Participants
- 52,256 participants8 studies
- Comparison
- Women vs men
- Womenn = 25,263
- Outcome
- Sex-specific prevalence and OR (women vs men) of isolated IGT, isolated IFG and combined IGT and IFG
Methodological detailsrandom-effects meta-analysis, risk of bias assessment (Hoy et al.), two reviewers
- Random-effects meta-analysis
- Risk of bias assessment (Hoy et al.)
- Two reviewers
Pooled result
Isolated impaired glucose tolerance
Odds ratio
1.42
95% CI 1.23–1.65
By group
Womenvs Men
OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.23–1.65)
As reported in the abstract
Further pooled results
| Outcome | Women | Men | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated impaired fasting glucose (ADA thresholds)Lower odds in women | 15% (CI 12%,18%) | 21% (CI 12%–32%) | 0.65 (0.44–0.96) | |
| Combined impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucoseSimilar odds | 7% (CI 5%–9%) | 7% (CI 5%–10%) | 0.85 (0.46–1.57) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Certainty of evidence
- Moderate certainty evidence for pooled prevalence estimates; high certainty for comparisons of iIGT and iIFG between sexes
Original publication
Sex‐specific differences in the prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia states: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabet Med. Published 10 March 2026. doi:10.
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