Post-infection increases in Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) scores are associated with increased odds of long COVID in a longitudinal retrospective cohort
Main finding · Odds of Long COVIDResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 1.36 95% CI 1.08–1.71Authors' conclusion
Patients who increased in cardiometabolic disease severity after COVID-19 infection had increased odds of developing Long COVID.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with COVID-19 infection and available clinical data and Long COVID outcomes; mean age 57 years (SD 15), 58% female, 67.1% White
- Participants
- 6,364 patients
- Exposure
- CMDS score increase after COVID-19 infection vs no increase
- Outcome
- Long COVID (ICD-10 codes or self-reported symptom interference)
Methodological detailslongitudinal
- Longitudinal
Main finding
Odds of Long COVID
Odds ratio
1.36
95% CI 1.08–1.71
CMDS increasedvs CMDS not increased
OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.08–1.71)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Long COVID | No Long COVID | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMDS score before COVID infection | 0.21 | 0.19 | P = 0.013 |
| CMDS score after COVID infection | 0.24 | 0.19 | P < 0.0001 |
Long COVID prevalence
- Met criteria for Long COVID
- 6.9%
Original publication
Post-infection increases in Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) scores are associated with increased odds of long COVID in a longitudinal retrospective cohort. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 23 September 2026. doi:10.
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