National Trends in Out-of-Pocket Cost for Glucose-Lowering Drugs Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes, 2000–2022
Authors' conclusion
Despite substantial reductions in overall OOP costs, high-cost newer therapies continue to impose financial burdens that may limit equitable access.
Study context
- Population
- U.S. adults with self-reported diabetes, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to pharmacy-verified records, 2000–2022
- Outcome
- OOP costs for glucose-lowering medications, per user by medication category and at population level
- Follow-up
- 2000 to 2022
Methodological detailsnationally representative survey, joinpoint regression, inflation-adjusted
- Nationally representative survey
- Joinpoint regression
- Inflation-adjusted
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Population-average OOP costs
Population-average out-of-pocket (OOP) costs declined
46%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Subgroups (income, race and ethnicity, age, insurance, insulin use, CVD status)
- Declines occurred across all subgroups, but differences between subgroups were still observed
Original publication
National Trends in Out-of-Pocket Cost for Glucose-Lowering Drugs Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes, 2000–2022. Diabetes Care. Published 16 June 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →