Heterogeneous impact of incident type 2 diabetes on six age-related diseases: A 27-Country European Cohort study
Authors' conclusion
T2DM accelerates age-related disease selectively; excess risk magnitude and its dependence on age at diagnosis differ substantially by outcome.
Study context
- Population
- SHARE participants, 27 European countries, 2004–2020
- Participants
- 1,589-5,781 participants6 outcome-specific cohorts
- Exposure
- Incident T2D vs diabetes-free controls
- Outcome
- Six age-related diseases (incl. arthritis, stroke, heart disease, cataract, cancer, hypertension)
Methodological details27 European countries, matched 1:1 on age, sex and survey wave, Cox proportional-hazards and Fine-Gray competing-risk models, pre-specified subgroup analyses by age at diagnosis
- 27 European countries
- Matched 1:1 on age, sex and survey wave
- Cox proportional-hazards and Fine-Gray competing-risk models
- Pre-specified subgroup analyses by age at diagnosis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incidence of 6 age-related diseases (fully adjusted)
Fully adjusted HR, arthritis (lowest)
1.41
95% CI 1.23–1.62
Fully adjusted HR, stroke (highest)
2.34
1.84–2.97
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Effect modification by age at diagnosis
- Heart disease, stroke, cataract, cancer: modified by age at diagnosis
- P for interaction < 0.05
- Hypertension: not modified
- P = 0.071
- Arthritis: not modified
- P = 0.154
- Pre-specified subgroup analyses
Cataract by age at diagnosis (steepest age gradient)
- HR, age 50-59
- 4.66
- HR, age ≥ 70
- 1.39
Cancer, age at diagnosis >70
- Diabetes-cancer association disappeared after age 70: HR
- 1.01 (95% CI 0.69-1.49)
Original publication
Heterogeneous impact of incident type 2 diabetes on six age-related diseases: A 27-Country European Cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 5 August 2026. doi:10.
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