Habitat imaging based on water–fat separation for interpreting extraocular muscle heterogeneity in thyroid eye disease
Authors' conclusion
Habitat imaging based on water-fat separation provides quantitative visualization of EOM pathological remodeling, establishing myosteatosis as an adjunctive biomarker for evaluating IVGC therapeutic response.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with active moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease (TED) undergoing water-fat separation imaging before and after intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) therapy
- Participants
- 138 patients
- Exposure
- Responsive vs unresponsive patients to IVGC therapy
- Responsiven = 84
- Unresponsiven = 54reference
- Outcome
- Edema subregion VP of extraocular muscles (EOMs)
- Follow-up
- Baseline
Methodological detailshabitat imaging, water–fat separation imaging before and after IVGC therapy
- Habitat imaging
- Water–fat separation imaging before and after IVGC therapy
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
P = 0.008
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Edema VP in responsive group, baseline vs after IVGC · after IVGC treatment
- Significant decrease in edema VP in responsive group (baseline vs post-treatment, %)
- 32.64 vs 9.85, P < 0.001
Myosteatosis after IVGC · after IVGC treatment
- Both groups displayed increased myosteatosis, more pronounced in responders
Discrimination of treatment response: Δ volume of myosteatosis region + Δ% volume of whole region
- AUC
- 0.86
- Sensitivity
- 93.75%
Original publication
Habitat imaging based on water–fat separation for interpreting extraocular muscle heterogeneity in thyroid eye disease. Eur Thyroid J. Published 2 April 2026. doi:10.
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