Glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults: A matched cohort study (2013–2023)
Main finding · New-onset hyperglycaemiaResult — go to the resultMultivariable-adjusted IRR 2.15 95% CI 1.18–3.12Authors' conclusion
Treatment with systemic glucocorticoids versus no glucocorticoid treatment during hospitalisation more than doubles the risk of new-onset hyperglycaemia. Higher age, weight, cumulative glucocorticoid dose, non-White ethnicity and autoimmune/inflammatory conditions were independently associated with a higher risk of GIH.
Study context
- Population
- Adults admitted to Oxford University Hospitals 2013–2023, excluding patients with diabetes or prescribed systemic glucocorticoids before admission
- Participants
- 451,606 adults
- Exposure
- Systemic glucocorticoid exposure vs non-exposure during admission
- Exposedn = 17,258
- Outcome
- New-onset hyperglycaemia: new glucose-lowering therapy, coded diagnosis of diabetes or random blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L
Methodological detailsmatched cohort, electronic healthcare records, single-centre
- Matched cohort
- Electronic healthcare records
- Single-centre
Main finding
New-onset hyperglycaemia
Multivariable-adjusted IRR
2.15
95% CI 1.18–3.12
Events by group
Exposedvs Non-exposed
multivariable-adjusted IRR 2.15 (95% CI 1.18–3.12)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Factors associated with glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia (GIH) (relative risk)
- Age, per year
- 1.02 (1.01-1.03)
- Ethnicity, Asian vs White
- 1.72 [1.04-2.86]
- Ethnicity, other vs White
- 1.26 [1.05-2.70]
- Weight, per kg
- 1.01 (1.01-1.03)
- Indication, autoimmune/inflammatory/infection vs malignant
- 2.15 [1.21-3.52]
- Indication, other vs malignant
- 2.11 [1.18-4.20]
- Cumulative glucocorticoid dose 51-205 mg vs >0-50 mg
- 1.23 [1.04-1.42]
- Cumulative glucocorticoid dose >205 mg vs >0-50 mg
- 2.53 [1.89-3.40]
- 95% CI
Original publication
Glucocorticoid‐induced hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults: A matched cohort study (2013–2023). Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 2 April 2025. doi:10.
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