Gestational Weight Gain, Postpartum Weight Retention, and Women's Mid‐Life Cardiovascular Health in Project Viva
Authors' conclusion
Excessive GWG was associated primarily with worse mid-life weight status, whereas higher PPWR was associated with worse mid-life cardiovascular health.
Study context
- Population
- Project Viva participants enrolled 1999–2002 (mean age 32.6 years); mid-life visit 2017–2021 (mean age 51.0 years)
- Participants
- 838 participants
- Exposure
- Excessive vs adequate gestational weight gain (GWG); higher vs lower PPWR
- Outcome
- Mid-life cardiovascular health: Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores (0-100; higher = better)
- Follow-up
- Mid-Life Visit (2017-2021)
Methodological detailslinear regression adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, age at enrollment, pregnancy smoking status, household income and educational attainment
- Linear regression adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, age at enrollment, pregnancy smoking status, household income and educational attainment
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
LE8 scores, excessive vs adequate GWG · Mid-Life Visit
Β (weight status score)
−8.99
95% CI −12.81 to −5.18
Excessive
Β (overall LE8 score)
−1.93
95% CI −3.92 to 0.07
Excessive
Β (biomedical domain score)
−2.31
95% CI −5.66 to 1.05
Excessive
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Estimate |
|---|---|
| Each 1-kg higher 1-year PPWR and LE8 domain scores · 1 year postpartumEach 1-kg higher 1-year PPWR | β (biomedical domain score) −0.49 (95% CI −0.84 to −0.14) |
| Each 1-kg higher 1-year PPWR and LE8 domain scores · 1 year postpartumEach 1-kg higher 1-year PPWR | β (weight status score) −1.54 (95% CI −1.90 to −1.17) |
| Each 1-kg higher 1-year PPWR and LE8 domain scores · 1 year postpartumEach 1-kg higher 1-year PPWR | β (blood pressure score) −0.62 (95% CI −1.15 to −0.10) |
PPWR at 6 months and 2 years and glycemic traits score · 6 months and 2 years postpartum
- PPWR at 6 months and 2 years was also associated with worse glycemic traits scores
Original publication
Gestational Weight Gain, Postpartum Weight Retention, and Women's Mid‐Life Cardiovascular Health in Project Viva. Obesity (Silver Spring). Published 30 September 2026. doi:10.
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