Clinical presentation, risk factors and management of pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
While this review can assist clinicians with the diagnosis and management of PAO, it highlights some key knowledge gaps
Study context
- Population
- Cases of pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO); PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science
- Participants
- 943 cases35 studies
- Comparison
- Treatments for PAO on bone mineral density (BMD) change
- Outcome
- Presenting features, risk factors and effect of treatment on BMD change at lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip and on further fractures
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Presenting features and risk factors
- Vertebral fractures
- 89.2%
- Back pain
- 90.2%
- Family history of osteoporosis (most common risk factor)
- 40.5%
- Calcium and vitamin D supplements used
- 31.8%
- Teriparatide used
- 30.8%
Further pooled results
BMD response to treatment
- Meta-analysis of BMD response inconclusive due to limited availability of data
- Lumbar spine BMD change greater with teriparatide vs calcium/vitamin D and bisphosphonates (only two studies)
- No difference in BMD response at the femoral neck
Recurrent fractures
- Recurrent fractures, no difference between treatment groups
- 12.9%
Original publication
Clinical presentation, risk factors and management of pregnancy-associated osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. Published 9 April 2025. doi:10.
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