Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Mono‐Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors' conclusion
Higher-dose GLP-1 receptor mono-agonists, particularly semaglutide 7.2 mg and orforglipron 36 mg (Foundayo 17.2 mg tablet), demonstrated the most consistent multidimensional cardiometabolic improvements, although domain-specific differences were observed across agents.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with overweight or obesity, with or without T2D; Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) searched January 2014–November 2025
- Participants
- 13,117 adults19 RCTs
- Comparison
- Oral and subcutaneous GLP-1 receptor mono-agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide, orforglipron) in adults with overweight or obesity
- Outcome
- Cardiometabolic efficacy index (CEI): ranking-based composite (0 to 1) across 7 endpoints (total body weight loss %, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, waist circumference, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure)
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
CEI
Semaglutide 7.2 mg
0.86
Orforglipron 36 mg
0.68
Semaglutide 2.4 mg
0.66
Further pooled results
| Outcome | Orforglipron 36 mg | Oral semaglutide 25 mg |
|---|---|---|
| CEI among oral formulations, non-T2D adults | 0.67 | 0.63 |
Cardiometabolic efficacy index (CEI) rankings by T2D status
- CEI rankings were generally consistent across T2D and non-T2D subgroups
CEI among oral formulations, non-T2D adults
- OFG 36 mg showed a CEI comparable to oral semaglutide 25 mg
Original publication
Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Mono‐Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 16 April 2026. doi:10.
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