Availability and readiness of health facilities for chronic kidney disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: Evidence from service provision assessment data
Authors' conclusion
Our findings indicate notable gaps in the Ethiopian healthcare system's readiness to manage CKD, diabetes, and CVD, with disparities more pronounced in rural and non-public facilities. Supportive supervision, workforce training, and improved diagnostic capacity may improve facility readiness.
Study context
- Population
- Health facilities in Ethiopia offering chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis and/or management services338 facilities weighted
- Participants
- 901 participants
- Outcome
- Facility readiness score for CKD, diabetes and CVD care (mean availability of tracer items across staff and guidelines, equipment, diagnostics, medicines; ≥70% = high readiness)
Methodological detailssecondary analysis of 2021-22 Ethiopian Service Provision Assessment Survey, multivariable logistic regression
- Secondary analysis of 2021-22 Ethiopian Service Provision Assessment Survey
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mean readiness score
CKD
42.9%
95% CI 40%–46%
Diabetes
47.8%
CVD
44.0%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Service availability
- Facilities offering CKD services
- 57%
- Facilities offering diabetes services
- 93%
- Facilities offering CVD services
- 93%
Factors associated with high readiness
- Private/faith-based facilities, CKD readiness: aOR
- 0.24 (95% CI 0.07-0.88)
- Rural facilities, CKD readiness: aOR
- 0.26 (95% CI 0.08-0.83)
- Rural facilities, diabetes readiness: aOR
- 0.34 (95% CI 0.16-0.72)
- Better basic amenities, CKD readiness: aOR
- 4.92 (95% CI 1.71-14.10)
- Better basic amenities, diabetes readiness: aOR
- 3.56
- Better basic amenities, CVD readiness: aOR
- 2.83
- Supervisory visits and staff meetings positively associated with readiness
- Adjusted analyses
Original publication
Availability and readiness of health facilities for chronic kidney disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: Evidence from service provision assessment data. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 3 November 2025. doi:10.
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